http://repository.tuc.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/129 Tue, 21 Apr 2026 13:34:32 GMT 2026-04-21T13:34:32Z http://repository.tuc.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/576 THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS IN BUILDING COMMUNITY RESILIENCE IN TURKANA CENTRAL SUB-COUNTY, KENYA. Ekidor, Linus Namoe, The study sought to determine the extent to which Non-Governmental Organizations have played a critical role in Turkana County's community resilience to climate change-related disasters. Numerous non-governmental organizations have undertaken various programs aimed at enhancing community resilience, but the community's capacity to endure disaster shocks has continued to dwindle. The study determined whether or not community resilience has been increased as a result of non-governmental organization (NGO) programs. The study addressed the following gaps: to determine the impact of Community Based Early Warning Systems as a strategy used by Non-Governmental Organizations in building community resilience; to determine the impact of Community Based Contingency Planning for climate change disasters on community resilience; to investigate the effect of governance on community resilience and to determine livelihoods approaches that promote building community resilience. Two frameworks were examined in relation to the study's three objectives: the Sendai framework for disaster risk management and the Hyogo framework for action. The study used a descriptive survey to choose 380 families randomly from a target population of 38,173 households in Turkana Central Sub-County. Data collecting methods included household questionnaires, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The checklist for key informant interviews was distributed to Non-Governmental Organizations operating in Turkana Central Sub-County. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. While descriptive statistics made use of frequency distributions, percentages, means, and standard deviations, inferential statistics made use of correlation and linear regression to determine the relationship between variables. The study's findings indicated that the establishment of effective early warning systems has aided in the development of livelihood resilience by strengthening coping strategies and even adaptive capacity. Additionally, the study indicated that a contingency plan had been developed on the basis of community input and that community people were involved in disaster contingency planning. Additionally, data indicated that local-level institutions adhering to good governance principles and national policy standards can be particularly effective at mitigating disaster-related loss and damage. The study concludes that major improvements in the design and implementation of early warning systems were required. Additionally, the study recommendes that political will and commitment be demonstrated in the structuring of laws, their enforcement and regulation, funding and policy, government-led response, rehabilitation, and recovery, as well as in equipping communities through informed Community Contingency Planning. The report advocates for the establishment of a network of the diverse range of organizations operating at various levels of government to promote more coordinated and integrated catastrophe risk reduction efforts. Wed, 05 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.tuc.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/576 2022-10-05T00:00:00Z http://repository.tuc.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/211 BODA BODA MOTORCYCLE TRANSPORT INFLUENCE ON SOCIOECONOMIC EMPOWEREMENT OF YOUTHS AND THEIR HOUSEHOLDS IN TURKANA COUNTY, KENYA Gilbert Nyakundi Okebiro Motorcycle business known as “Boda-boda” eased transportation problem of connecting urban and rural areas in Kenya. It is booming business as it is readily available in urban and rural areas and people always transport goods to and fro and uses paths instead of roads given that feeder roads in Kenya are impassible during rainy seasons. Globally, for example in Vietnam motorbikes use is extremely high due to lack of public transport and low income levels that put automobiles out of reach for many peoples use. In Africa especially in Nigeria by 1980s the transportation sector of economy was greatly affected by SAPs and led to the drop in the supply of transport services and mobility and as a consequence led to emergence of motorcycle (okada) and tricycle transport. In Kenya, studies have been done such as assessment of the impact of training boda boda operators and safety status in Kakamega County, revealed that majority of the boda boda riders received informal training through apprenticeship and a few attend training schools, a reason for frequent occurrence of accidents, as no extensive training is given to riders. In Turkana County, mostly there are a few training Centres to offer refresher courses to boda boda motorcycle riders on how to comply with rules of Highway Code of driving. As a result most of the boda boda motorcycle riders and their passengers quite often get involved in fatal accidents. Most of the boda boda motorcycle riders are youths aged between 18 to 35 years old and are the prime sources of family income. Their customers/ passengers are also those who have some source of income and therefore, have to go out to fend for families. When accidents occur, affect both boda boda motorcycle riders and passengers. It’s on this background that this study intends to unearth how the boda boda motorcycle industry has affected the socio-economic development of youths and families engaged in the business as an extension to their families. The objective of the study are: to examine how government policy on the motor cycle transport industry has affected the development of youths in Turkana County; to evaluate how boda boda motorcycle have affected the socio-economic development of motor cycle riders and their families in Turkana County; to assess the measures the government can take to enhance sustained socio-economic empowerment of youths involved in boda boda motorcycle industry in Turkana County and to analyze the effects of boda boda motor cycle accidents on socioeconomic development of youths riders and their households in Turkana County. There are a number of theories which explain the phenomena understudy and the research will apply the following two theories including, empowerment theory and problem-solving theory. These theories will relate to conceptual framework where the independent variable is the boda boda transport business and dependent variable is youth livelihoods and their households and will be moderated by government policy on boda boda transport industry in Kenya. Descriptive survey research design will be used and will be collected by three main research instruments structured questionnaires, direct observation and interview schedules. The research will target a population of 1006 from the five target groups including motorcycle riders, Heads of households, Police officials, Court officials and Loan organizations. Therefore, random sampling technique will be employed to select motorcycle riders, the households’ heads of the motorcycle accidents victims selected by snowballing in the stages and police officials and Loan organizations will be purposively sampled. Data will be analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.Data will be presented inform of tables, percentages and graphs. Expected findings of the study will provide needed information for socio-economic empowerment of youths and their households in Turkana County and applied in other counties with similar problem in Kenya. Fri, 10 May 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.tuc.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/211 2019-05-10T00:00:00Z http://repository.tuc.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/165 SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS ON THE INFLUENCE Everlyn Kanus Guidance and counselling services in a school play a major role in school adjustment of students and the subsequent achievement of their full potential. The purpose of this study was to investigate secondary school students’ perceptions on the influence of guidance and counselling services on their school adjustment in Keiyo North SubCounty. The objectives of the study were to investigate students’ perceptions on the influence of guidance and counselling services on school adjustment and to establish the influence of gender, school type and class level on students’ perceptions on the influence of guidance and counselling services on their overall school adjustment. The study was anchored on the Social cognitive theories of perception. The study adopted a mixed approach research methodology and the ex post facto causal comparative research design. The philosophical paradigm on which the study was based is pragmatism. Stratified and random sampling techniques were used to select seven schools out of the 21 schools and 367 out of the 8001 students in the sub-county secondary schools. Also, 16 participants were purposively selected (one from each class level of the type of school) and interviewed. The instruments of data collection were a questionnaire and an interview schedule that was used during the interviews. The descriptive statistics used in data analysis were frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation. The inferential statistics used were independent t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The hypotheses were tested at a significance level of 0.05. The qualitative data was analyzed using selective coding to establish the common themes emerging from the data. The major findings of the study showed that there were significant differences in students’ perceptions on the influence of guidance and counselling services on all the three domains of school adjustment that the study dealt with: academic adjustment F(2,326) = 52.202, p = 0.001, emotional adjustment F(2, 326) = 42.97, p=0.01 and Social adjustment F(2,326) = 50.083, p = 0.001. The results further showed that female students had higher mean perceptions (3.6391, SD .06308) than the male students (3.4000 SD .07159). The study concluded that uniformity and adequacy in provision of guidance and counselling services is lacking in secondary schools in the sub-county. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that since there exist significant differences in students’ perceptions on the influence of guidance and counselling services on their school adjustment, there was need to address the challenges and shortcomings that exist in the provision of guidance and counselling services in the schools so that all the students are adequately assisted to make the desired school adjustment. The study also showed there was the need to explore on a theory that can guide the provision guidance and counselling services in secondary schools. Thu, 30 Aug 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.tuc.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/165 2018-08-30T00:00:00Z