http://repository.tuc.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26 Tue, 21 Apr 2026 12:16:34 GMT 2026-04-21T12:16:34Z http://repository.tuc.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/602 LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION AND STUDENTS’ ACCESS TO SECONDARY EDUCATION IN KAKUMA CAMPS, KENYA Ekitoe, Paul,Sarah,PeterLikoko,Edome The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the language of instruction on refugee students’ access to secondary education. In order to identify the barriers preventing refugee students in Kakuma camps from accessing secondary school, the research used an ex post facto design. The study was guided by the social justice theory in educational contexts. Nine (9) principals and 180 teachers from nine (9) refugee schools were target population. The study employed census sampling to determine a sample size of 189, which were made up of 9 principals and 180 teachers. Questionnaires and an interview schedule were used to gather data. Validity and reliability of the tools were established through a pilot study that employed the test-retest methodology. A regression analysis was used to analyse the data. The study established that the language of instruction has statically significant effects on refugee students’ access to secondary education in Kakuma camps. Therefore, the study recommended that government and non-governmental organizations should cultivate ways of enhancing refugee students' access to secondary education in Kakuma camps. Sat, 01 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.tuc.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/602 2025-03-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.tuc.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/599 Narrativizing Kenya’s Historiography Through Selected Popular Fiction Julius Kipkorir A. Chepkwony The paper is premised on the intersection of popular fiction and history through narrativizing events. Language plays an important role in the revelation of a country‘s historical transformation. Writers use elevated language to foreground Kenya‘s historical transformation. Fictionalization of history is one mode the society is read and interrogated. The focus of the discussion is narrative techniques and how they interweave historical concerns within the Kenyan context. The paper is premised on the exploration of historiographic dimension as narrativized in selected popular texts. The major contention is that popular literature narrativizes the country‘s historical moments. The paper locates itself within New Historicist and Formalist theoretical frameworks. New Historicism as propagated by Greenblatt and Montrose indicates that texts are historical documents entrenched and located in culture and portrays of historical processes in a society. Formalism, as propounded by Victor Shklovsky examines the literariness of a text in the evaluation of ideological concerns; socio-historical, political and cultural issues notwithstanding. Narrative technique is one literary mode that mediates between history and fiction. Through purposive sampling, the texts Wahome Mutahi‘s Three Days on the Cross, Kinyanjui Kombani‘s The Last Villains of Molo and Muroki Ndung‘u‘s A Friend of the Court were arrived at because they are pregnant with fictionalized history. Qualitative research method that is library based was used to excavate and chisel out data that that was required for analysis and interpretation. An interpretivist research design was used. The study aims at establishing that literature has affinity to history since there is interconnectedness. The study adds up to the dialectical polemics on both fictionalization of history and historicization of fiction; a debate that still bombards the literary scene. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.tuc.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/599 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.tuc.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/598 Towett Koross, Benjamin; Samwel Kiplagat Maiyo Functional writing is a pragmatic use of language for social and personal expression. It recorded the lowest mean score in the Kenya certificate of secondary education (K.C.S.E) examination for period 2011 to 2019 as revealed by KNEC examination reports with a mean grade below C+. The purpose of the study was to establish Influence of Resources used in teaching English Speech Functional Writing Skills among Secondary School Learners in West Pokot County. The objective of the study was to: establish the Influence of Resources used in teaching English Functional Writing among secondary school learners. The study used descriptive survey and correlation study designs. The study population consisted of 2580 Form 4 students and 34 teachers of English subject from 34 schools. The study used saturated sampling technique to select 31 teachers while Krejcie and Morgan table was used to determine sample size of 334 students who were then randomly sampled. Data collection was done through questionnaire and learners’ achievement test. Pilot study comprised of 3 teachers of English and 250 students from 3 secondary schools to establish the reliability of instruments through test – retest reliability method. Supervisors from the Department of Educational Communication Technology, and Curriculum Studies of Maseno University ascertained content validity of instruments. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Findings revealed that the average student performance in speech writing was below average 46 (sd: 21.7). The median student mark was 50 (ranging 25-60). The study concluded that teachers vary their preference in terms of resources use. The study recommended that teachers use appropriate resources to meet need of the learners’ functional writing skills. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.tuc.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/598 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.tuc.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/597 Factors Influencing the Efficacy of Free Primary Education Policy in Relation to the Enrolment of Children with Special Needs Education in West Pokot County, Kenya Raymond Nyeris and Benjamin Towett Koross The introduction of Free Primary Education (FPE) policy in 2003 was aimed at enhancing the enrolment of all school going- age children in Kenya indiscriminately. However, significant concerns have been raised by scholars and the public over the low enrolment of children with Special Needs Education (SNE). The main objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of FPE policy on enrolment of special needs children in education in West Pokot County, Kenya. Descriptive survey research design was used. The target population was 696 respondents drawn from the 65 primary schools, SNE teachers of West Pokot County. Purposively sampling was used due to relatively low enrolment of children with special education needs. Simple random sampling was used to obtain the respondents as follows: 362 pupils with SNE and 123 SNE teachers. Each subcounty formed an important cluster from where the respondents were drawn from. The researcher collected data from pupils with special needs education and special education teachers. Focused Group Discussions (FGD), Document Analysis schedule and interview schedules were also used during the study. Content validity was done through the contributions of experts in the Department of Educational Planning and Management of Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology. Pilot study was carried out to establish the reliability of the instruments. Test – retest method was employed to obtain the reliability of the instruments at 0.05 level of confidence. The findings yielded both qualitative and quantitative data and presented in frequency tables and line graphs. The findings revealed that factors affecting the efficacy of free primary education range from; sociocultural, economic, environmental, school based, individual and policy and system factors. The study thus recommends that the government commits more resources to FPE financing policy and employ strategic and individualized mechanisms such as early identification, screening, tracking and monitoring of pupils from homesteads to homestead to ensure enrolment enhanced nationally. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.tuc.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/597 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z