Assessment of Tomato Farming Systems and Rainfall Variability Related Implications in Semi-Arid Regions of Central Kenya

Abstract

The future of African agriculture depends on the outcome of climate and specifically on rainfall variability. In arid and semi-arid areas, the impacts of rainfall variability can be adverse especially where the main farming system is horticultural oriented. This study aimed at assessing tomato farming systems and how they were influenced by rainfall variability. The study focused mainly on examining the aspects of tomato farming practices and rainfall variability over a period of thirty four years (1980-2014). Data was collected from tomato farmers in four wards namely Kabaru, Thegu River, Narumoru/ Kiamathaga and Gakawa in Kieni East Sub-County, using face-to-face interviews and semi structured questionnaires. Rainfall data was obtained from Kenya Meteorological Department in Nairobi. Historical climatic data was analyzed to establish patterns and trends which were then correlated to production data. The study revealed that tomato farming system is determined by climate (rainfall), economic and social wellbeing of the farmers. The study further established the rainfall characteristics over the thirty four years under study varied both annually and seasonally. Farming practices applied by farmers in tomato production, included irrigation, crop rotation, and use of certified seeds, mulching, use of manure and use of greenhouse technology. These practices were however influenced by rainfall patterns and social economic status of the farmers. These findings show that there is need to develop policies that will enhance adoption of farming systems suited to the study area and therefore safeguard farmers from adverse effects of rainfall variability, and make tomato production a viable venture